The first step in helping a child experiencing abuse or neglect is learning to recognize the signs. During the month of April, we recognize National Child Abuse Prevention Month (NCAPM), a time to bring communities together to prevent the maltreatment of children and the importance of working to build a safe environment for all.

According to the Child Maltreatment Report, approximately 2 million children received prevention services in 2021. The State of New Jersey recognizes four major types of maltreatment: physical abuse, neglect, sexual abuse, and emotional abuse. Physical abuse includes a nonaccidental physical injury caused by a parent or caregiver to a child, whereas sexual abuse is sexual activities performed by a caregiver to a child. Emotional abuse is a repeated behavior that impairs a child’s emotional development, and neglect entails a caregiver’s failure to provide a child with basic needs.

Recognizing the signs of child maltreatment behaviors is important to handling these high-risk situations. While some children may directly share their experiences with you, others may struggle to disclose this information. The following signs of general maltreatment can guide you in determining if a child needs help:

Behavioral Clues:

  • Excessive crying
  • Fear and anxiety
  • Nightmares and sleep problems
  • Difficulties eating
  • Social withdraw
  • Avoidance or fears to touch

Physical Signs:

  • External bruising
  • Lack of medical care needs to wounds
  • Poor hygiene and inappropriate dress
  • Malnutrition
  • Hair loss
  • Oral and dental injuries

The presence of one sign does not always mean abuse or maltreatment is present. However, increasing awareness around these external cues can lead to the first step in finding a solution. As an outsider, it’s important to remember that reporting your concerns is not making an accusation; it is a request for an investigation to see if assistance is needed.

If you have reasonable suspicion that a child has been abused or neglected, state law requires that you immediately contact the NJ Child Abuse Hotline at 1-877-NJ Abuse or 1-877-652-2873. A concerned caller does not need proof to report an allegation of child abuse and can make the report anonymously. If you believe a child is in immediate danger, call your local police by dialing 911. To view frequently asked questions about reporting child abuse in New Jersey, view this fact sheet from the New Jersey Department of Children and Families.